Definition and Types of Jaundice

Definition:
Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of skin, sclera, and mucous membranes due to increased bilirubin (>2 mg/dL) in blood (hyperbilirubinemia).

Types:

  1. Pre-hepatic (Hemolytic): Excess bilirubin production from RBC breakdown (e.g., hemolytic anemia).

  2. Hepatic: Defective bilirubin metabolism inside the liver (e.g., hepatitis, cirrhosis).

  3. Post-hepatic (Obstructive): Blockage of bile flow from liver to intestine (e.g., gallstones, tumors).

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